Case Analysis for Nursing Ethics Paper Essay

Review A forty-multi year old female patient was brought into the crisis office with petechiae/purpura dispersed over her skin. Her significant other detailed that she began to seep from her noses and mouth. She abruptly seemed to have had what appeared to be unexplained wounds on her body and was semi insensible. In a condition of frenzy, her better half carried her to the crisis division. With a pulse of 180, her circulatory strain was 60/24 and she was going into endotoxic stun. She got crisis care that made her sufficiently steady to be moved to the ICU where she got cognizant and ready to convey. The clinical group clarified the earnestness of her condition and their arrangements for her treatment yet she declined their proposition for additional consideration and grumbled about deficient protection inclusion for that emergency clinic. She further declared her confidence in God for divine mending. The clinical group was then confronted with offering this patient treatment paying little heed to her capacity to pay to stay away from the fast approaching peril of her leaving the emergency clinic around then. Clinical Indications This forty multi year old female patient, who had no clinical history in this medical clinic was determined to have Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). DIC is an uncommon, perilous condition that forestalls typical blood thickening in a person. A treatment refusal or decay may rush the infection procedure bringing about extreme thickening (apoplexy) or dying (discharge) all through the body prompting stun, organ disappointment or even demise. Guess changes relying upon the fundamental issue and the degree of thickening. Notwithstanding the reason, the anticipation is regularly poor, with 10-half of patients kicking the bucket. The objective of treatment is to quit draining and forestall passing. As indicated by WebMD (2007), in DIC, the body’s characteristic capacity to manage thickening doesn't work appropriately. This makes the platelets cluster and obstruct little veins all through the body. This over the top coagulating harms organs, pulverizes platelets, and exhausts the flexibly of platelets and other thickening variables with the goal that the blood is not, at this point ready to cluster ordinarily. This regularly causes across the board dying, both inside and remotely, a condition that can be switched if treatment is conveyed outâ promptly. Current sign for treatment incorporate mediations, for example, transfusion of platelets and other blood items to supplant what has been lost through dying. Various tests to build up the reasonable justification of this condition must be done on the grounds that it is normally a first side effect of an infection, for example, malignancy or it could be activated by another significant medical issue. Persistent Preferences The patient is educated regarding the advantages of follow up mediations after crisis care just as the probability of losing elements of significant organs and even demise without following intercessions being executed. The rule of independence comes to play since it is her entitlement to pick where, when and how she gets her social insurance. In light of the clinical report and her own purposes behind choosing to leave the emergency clinic against clinical guidance, there is by all accounts no proof that she is intellectually unfit. There is likewise no defense in dismissing her solicitations by the by, it is dubious in the event that she really comprehends and acknowledges the circumstance. Her inclinations were to be marked AMA (against clinical guidance) so she can discover less expensive, elective consideration. Her better half, who was available with her, attempted to persuade her to acknowledge the teams’ proposition yet she demanded that she was unable to manage the co st of it. As I would see it, the patient choice was because of her numbness of what decisions was accessible to her. Personal satisfaction The personal satisfaction for this patient is seriously undermined in light of the indications related with this conclusion (dying, syncope, shortcoming, brevity of breath, and so forth). As expressed before, DIC could be because of a hidden illness, for example, disease. Provided that this is true, chemotherapy and radiation could help ease manifestations and give her a dynamic future. Likewise, there is the likelihood that she would encounter huge clinical advancement with treatment if her analysis has to do with platelet breakdown. Be that as it may, we can't tell, since she turned down any guidance by the group to do blood tests. Without quick treatment, she risks harm to significant organs of her body, which could in the long run lead to death. Time is of substance here in light of the fact that the more she postpones intercession, the almost certain she has unavoidable harm that may adversely change her previousâ quality of life. Moral issues that would emerge with this patient is the crisis care she got, it got her sufficiently steady to where she could deny treatment. A suspicion that we could make about getting that care is, ‘what on the off chance that she got into a DIC trance state and must be on a ventilator?’. She would have been oblivious and would presumably not have the option to discuss whether she gets care or not. Logical highlights Without throwing slanders, the explanation, evident to me, for refusal of care is money related. The patient discussed looking for less expensive social insurance. This is a patient destined to American preachers in Brazil. As an American resident, she took up the calling of her folks and was likewise a missonary in Brazil for the greater part of her life. She wedded a man from England who is ignorant of how the American framework functions. Her explanation is defended in light of the fact that she most likely had practically no standardized savings and with her visit in Brazil, we can say that she has been accultured. In this way her standpoint and perspective would influence her choice about human services in America. Another logical component is that of religion and confidence, the patient said that her confidence in God would recuperate her yet neglected to see this may be the reason she was at the clinic around then. It is hard to credit her choice exclusively to confidence or account alone however one thing that stands apart is the reality her better half attempted to persuade her in any case. All things considered, she continued saying this was what she needed. Her better half appeared to be defenseless as he attempted to speak with the group anyway the patient continued saying this was about her not him. My patient’s absence of protection, her activity as a preacher and her failure to pay goes about as a predisposition that would preference the providers’ assessment of her personal satisfaction. Investigation The objective of medication includes advancing wellbeing, relieving ailment, upgrading personal satisfaction, forestalling unfavorable passing, improving capacity (wrathfulness), instructing and guiding, staying away from hurt (non-evil) and aiding a tranquil demise. The moral issue is choosing to release her dependent on her desires (self-rule) as opposed to doing what is by all accounts the general right thing (paternalism), which is giving her treatment (usefulness), consequently forestalling hurt (non-evil). The pernicious idea of medication drives the group to persuade the patient of what they think would reestablish herâ health. In an offer to ‘do good(maleficence), she got crisis care that made her sufficiently steady to impart and express her desires. Aside from perniciousness and non-evil there are various moral issues installed for this situation; the clinical group is confronted with respecting this patient’s self-rule and releasing her when they realize she could be dead in a couple of hours without treatment. By and by the patient is practicing her independence at her own drawback since she and her better half got sufficient divulgence imparted plainly by the human services group about the purposes behind treatment and the advantages and weights identified with her choice. The team’s extent of exposure secured her present clinical express, the potential intercessions to improve forecast and their suggestion dependent on clinical judgment. Likewise, they are confronted with therapeutically deciding her decisional limit due to the likelihood that her psychological state may be influenced by the pathology and her powerlessness to bear the cost of care. Whenever demonstrated to be uncouth, at that point intercessions are completed paying little mind to what she needs. Thus, the clinical group will intentionally abrogate this patient’s self-rule as a result of their apparent idea of advantage (paternalism). As clinical experts, the group gauges the result (utilitarianism) of releasing her. To them, the activity that would create the best by and large outcome is to feel free to give her treatment. The moral hypothesis of deontology gives the group, the ethical obligation and commitment to do great and forestall hurt. Empathy and compassion (Ethics of care) likewise assume a major job here, consider a patient who had submitted her life to helping other people, yet in her period of scarcity couldn't get correspondence. These feelings should assume a significant job in how the group chooses to continue. The attendant engaged with this patient has a commitment to become more acquainted with this patient so she can adequately advocate for her. While I realize she has the option to deny treatment, I firmly accept that her refusal depends on the inadequacy of data and her absence of information on what is available to her. Proposal I suggest that the patient’s self-sufficiency be enabled not overwhelmed by giving her data on what is accessible to her. A backer (her medical attendant, caseworker or social laborer) ought to be alloted to her. Furthermore, the Chaplain ought to be welcome to offer profound directing. Posing the correct inquiries, getting the opportunity to comprehend her feelings of trepidation and giving her expectation. Manyâ hospitals and facilities have understanding guides that can help decide budgetary guide for patients who can't bear the cost of care or who don't have Medicaid/protection. The group ought to empower the patient that now cash is of no result, her life and wellbeing start things out as such everything will be done to get her guide. I additionally suggest that the group fundamentally asseses the dynamic limit of the patient since it det

Naked and Free in The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening Essays

Bare and Free in The Awakening    The Awakening, by Kate Chopin appears to fit conveniently into twentieth century ideals.  Chopin tends to mental issues that more likely than not been hard for individuals of the late nineteenth century to grasp.  Just as Edna kicked the bucket an unexpected passing, Chopin's book kicked the bucket too.  The dismissal of this book, at that point, incidentally exhibits the weight numerous ladies probably felt to fit in with society.  Chopin shows the peruser, through Edna Pontellier, that society limits ladies the privilege to individuality.  This limitation by society can be found in the apparel Victorian ladies wore during the time.     For instance, we consider garments to be as a significant allegory in the story.  Victorian ladies' garments was amazingly restricting, much like their life.  The dress can be viewed as a kind of confine which is obvious when we see Edna and Adele strolling to the sea shore in part seven.  Adele wore a cover, doe skin gloves, white gauntlets ... was wearing unadulterated white, with a cushion of unsettles that turned into her (478).  Adele was the perfect of beauty.  Edna, then again, wore a cool muslin that morning ... a white cloth neckline and a major straw cap (478).  We discover that an easygoing and indiscriminating eyewitness ... probably won't cast a subsequent look (478) towards Edna.  The way that Edna was essentially dressed demonstrated her non similarity towards society's standards.  When the two ladies get to the sea shore, Edna evacuates her neckline and unfastens her dress at the throat .  Her choice not to wear all the pieces of clothing is an indicate the insubordination to come.   Another conspicuous case of the imagery of garments is seen toward the finish of the novel when Edna expels every last bit of her attire before submitting suicide.  Chopin composes that when Edna was there adjacent to the ocean, totally alone, she cast the terrible, prickling articles of clothing from her, and without precedent for her life stood bare in the outdoors (558).  Edna is by all accounts evacuating her last limitations before discovering her opportunity in death.  This last defiance to society appears to give Edna her last awakening.  This enlivening can be seen when Chopin states, She felt like some new conceived animal opening its eyes in a natural world that it had never known (558).

The New 2013-14 Common Application

The New 2013-14 Common Application The New 2013-14 Common Application The New 2013-14 Common Application As many parents and students are already aware, this year will mark some dramatic changes in the Common Application essays content and format.  The admissions and college prep communities are abuzz with analysis of the new essay standards, and CEAs advisors have been following the changes every step of the way.  Below we created a guide to help lead our students through these amendments and what they will mean for the writing and application process. What is the change?    In previous years, the common application essay required students to submit a personal statement, allowing them to choose from a list of up to five topics, the last one being topic of your choice.  This free-choice topic is no longer an option, which has proven to be one of the more controversial and panic-inducing changes of the new Common App.  Instead, the application will provide five topic choices that will rotate based on yearly feedback.  The 2013-2014 questions are as follows: • Some students have a background or story that is so central to their identity that they believe their application would be incomplete without it. If this sounds like you, then please share your story. • Recount an incident or time when you experienced failure. How did it affect you, and what lessons did you learn? • Reflect on a time when you challenged a belief or idea. What prompted you to act? Would you make the same decision again? • Describe a place or environment where you are perfectly content. What do you do or experience there, and why is it meaningful to you? • Discuss an accomplishment or event, formal or informal, that marked your transition from childhood to adulthood within your culture, community, or family. What does it mean for students?   Many parents, students and even teachers worry that the omission of the topic of your choice option will limit students creativity and make an already stressful topic selection process even more difficult.  We at CEA are here to tell you: its not so bad.   Often, our advisors find that too much choice inhibits a student just as much as, if not more than, a little restriction.  The five topics available to students this year are all wonderfully broad open enough present students with plenty of options when they comb through their imaginations and memory banks; and closed enough to provide a little needed direction.  We prefer to think of this free-choice omission as an enhanced guiding tool, not a closed door on creativity. What is the change?   Students will no longer have the ability to perform unlimited uploads of (and thus make unlimited changes to) their common application essay.  The 2013 online form limits students to just three essay uploads over the course of the entire application process.  The change was made to discourage students from tailoring the common application essay to fit each individual school.  The hope and expectation is that any school-specific information will be relayed via the college-specific writing supplements. What does it mean for students?    The essay upload limit has two major effects on the application process.  First, it puts more pressure on students to perfect their Common Application essay early in the game.  Careful proofreading is more important than ever this year as a students opportunities to upload edited/corrected versions of the personal statement is limited.  Whether a student is applying to his or her first choice institution, or submitting a more casual rolling admissions application early in the game, the first essay that is transmitted to the common app information bank needs to be a polished, final draft.  The inability to edit the Common App essay before each school submission will also put more weight and emphasis on college-specific writing supplements, and many admissions experts expect the number of supplements to increase as a means of compensation in the next few years.  This means more essays for each student to write in each admissions season.  The goo d news is, the more opportunities students have to express themselves in writing, the more they can show their personalities and core values to the admissions committee.  The bad news is, more essays.  But dont worry.  We are here to help! What is the change?    While the Additional Information section still exists as a venue for students to express crucial information not reflected on their application, the short essay asking students to describe their favorite activity is no longer part of the Common Application essay requirements.  Instead, extended information about extracurricular activities, job experience, and other subjects will be requested on a school-by-school basis.  These requests will present themselves in the Writing Supplement portions of the Common Application What does it mean for students?    As mentioned earlier, many admissions experts expect the number of Writing Supplement requests to increase over the next few years in response to the Common Application essays new restrictions regarding customization.  While this shift will generally require more work from the student, it will also offer more opportunities for truly qualified students to shine before the admissions board.  For example, colleges will now be able to request anything from additional short and long form essays to résumés, research papers and other  graded assignments to help narrow down the applicant pool.  While the omission of the short activities essay from the main Common App is a lost opportunity for students, we are hoping most schools will choose to include a comparable question in their Writing Supplements this year.  Fingers crossed! What is the change?    The word count for the common application essay has been increased from a 500 word to a 650 word maximum with a 250 word minimum.  Essays will no longer be submitted as attachments, but rather entered into standardized text boxes within the online Common Application form.  The new word count will be enforced via this text-entry system.  Formatting within the text box will allow for bolding, italicizing and underlining, but no other special formatting will be supported. What does it means for students?  An increase in word count does not necessarily mean colleges will be expecting to see longer essays from students on the whole.  In fact, we believe essays should still clock in around the 500-550 word mark.  The key is, students should say what they need to say as powerfully and concisely as possible.  The word count increase allows for a little more flexibility in wordplay and descriptive language, which can be very useful, but students should not feel pressured to fill up all 650 words, just because theyre available.  The 250 word minimum, while never previously stated, has always been a given and should not change a students approach to the essay one bit.  As for manipulating the text style beyond bolding and italicizing, you know a CEA advisor would never let a student get away with that in the first place.  We like to let the words speak for themselves. Questions or concerns?  Contact us. Check out our  Tips for Writing the Common App Essay. Read more about  The College Essay Advisors Process. About CEA HQView all posts by CEA HQ »

John Stuart Mill s Version Of Utilitarianism - 2088 Words

In the Utilitarian doctrine the consideration of pleasure and pain is constrained to ends. By this doctrine pleasure is the only thing desirable as an end and pain is the only thing undesirable as an end. Everything else is good or evil as it tends to promote pleasure or pain*. I will argue that pain should be considered as a means as well as an end and show that this is consistent with John Stuart Mill’s version of Utilitarianism. Conjoining the consideration of pain as a means and the notion of association of ideas, I will give what I hope is a unique explanation as to why higher pleasures are so often considered superior to lower pleasures. Finally I will end with a short exposition that may help to explain Mill’s mental crisis of 1826 by using the ideas advanced in this paper. Pain and pleasure are experienced partially relative to each other. A given experience will be inherently pleasurable or painful, but previous experiences influence the experience of pleasure or pain. Relevant for this essay, painful experiences tend to increase the pleasure of subsequent experiences. I will illustrate this with an example. Relative to getting a finger jabbed in your eye, not getting a finger jabbed in your eye is pleasurable. Relative to a state of ecstasy, a normal state in which you are not getting your eye jabbed is painful. In both examples, the normal state of not getting a finger jabbed in your eye is the same, except for what came prior. In the first case the priorShow MoreRelatedUtilitarianism : Bentham And Mill766 Words   |  4 PagesUtilitarianism: Bentham VS. Mill Utilitarianism is a normative ethical theory that holds the morally right course of action in any given situation is the course of which yields the greatest balance of benefits over harms. More specifically, utilitarianism’s core idea is that the effects of an action determine whether actions are morally right or wrong. Created with philosophies of Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806–1873), Utilitarianism began in England in the 19th Century. Read MoreUtilitarianism and Omelas Applying John Stuart Mills Utilitarianism to Ursula Le Guins The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas1220 Words   |  4 Pagesreasons in which a follower of John Stuart Mill s Utilitarianism would disagree with the events taking place in Ursula Le Guin s The One s Who Walk Away from Omelas. The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness (Mill 55). This is how Mill first presents the idea of Utilitarianism. If it promotes happiness itRead MoreThe Differences in John Stuart Mills and Jeremy Benthams Versions of Utilitarianism2151 Words   |  9 PagesThe Differences in John Stuart Mills and Jeremy Benthams Versions of Utilitarianism In what ways did John Stuart Mills version of utilitarianism differ from that of Jeremy Bentham? Which do you consider preferable? The Cambridge International Dictionary of English defines utilitarianism as the system of thought which states that the best action or decision in a particular situation is the one which most benefits the most people. This is the main idea of the system of thought and it isRead MoreMill vs. Bentham2787 Words   |  12 PagesIn what ways did John Stuart Mills version of utilitarianism differ from that of Jeremy Bentham? Which do you consider preferable? The Cambridge International Dictionary of English defines utilitarianism as the system of thought which states that the best action or decision in a particular situation is the one which most benefits the most people. This is the main idea of the system of thought and it is from this the beliefs and opinions of John Stuart Mill (1806 - 1873), Jeremy Bentham (1748Read MoreWhat Makes An Action Moral Can Not Be Had Without Thoroughly Examining The Theories Of Immanual Kant And John1696 Words   |  7 Pagesthe theories of Immanual Kant and John Stuart Mill. Mill bÐ µliÐ µvÐ µd that an action s consÐ µquÐ µncÐ µs dÐ µtÐ µrminÐ µ its moral worth, whilÐ µ Kant arguÐ µd that morality of thÐ µ action dÐ µpÐ µnds on thÐ µ good will. BasÐ µd on thÐ µ two contradicting thÐ µoriÐ µs abovÐ µ, this papÐ µr will support Mill s viÐ µw of thÐ µ moral worth of an action bÐ µcausÐ µ it is dÐ µtÐ µrminÐ µd by its practical and usÐ µful consÐ µquÐ µncÐ µs in our sociÐ µ ty. Kant’s dismissal of an action s consÐ µquÐ µncÐ µs is irrÐ µlÐ µvant to our sociÐ µty s moral valuÐ µs. ThÐ µ aim of this papÐ µrRead MoreUse Of Consequentialism, Desire Satisfaction Theory And Objective List Theory1345 Words   |  6 PagesConsequentialism is an approach to Ethics that argues that the morality of an action is reliant on the action s consequence (Mastin, 2008). This theory is based on two main principles, first, that the rightness or wrongness of an act depends solely on the results of it and secondly, that the better act is the one that produces more good as a consequence. What is meant by consequence here is everything that a certain action brings about, including the action itself. The good end required by an actionRead MoreUtilitarianism : The Morally Right Action1194 Words   |  5 PagesTulasha Thapa Final Paper Utilitarianism Utilitarianism states, â€Å"The morally right action is determined by the consequences of the action, not the motives of the agent†. Utilitarianisms consider happiness to be the foundation of morality. The famous version, â€Å"act utilitarianism,† says the morally right action is the one that brings about the greatest consequence of the greatest number of people. Mill thought it was obvious that everyone ultimately wants to be happy, so he made this the foundationRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill s Definition Of Quality975 Words   |  4 Pages John Stuart Mill’s definition of quality can be broken-down distinctively into four separate definitions. When evaluating pleasures, J. S. Mill alleged the quality of particular pleasures is determined by how much pleasure the person obtains from the pleasure, in addition to, how just the pleasure is beneficially to society. Moreover, Mill argued against â€Å"†¦Bentham’s purely quantitative view of pleasure. Without denying that quantity is a consideration in the calculation of pleasure, Mill believedRead More Immanuel Kants Ethics Of Pure Duty and John Stuart Mills Utilitarian Ethics Of Justice2753 Words   |  12 PagesFor The Metaphysics of Morals and John Stuart Mills Utilitarianism Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill are philosophers who addressed the issues of morality in terms of how moral traditions are formed. Immanuel Kant has presented one viewpoint in The Grounding For The Metaphysics of Morals that is founded on his belief that the worth of man is inherent in his ability to reason. John Stuart Mill holds another opinion as presented in the book, Utilitarianism that is seemingly in contentionRead MoreHappiness Is Worth No More Than Anyone Happiness1980 Words   |  8 Pagespursuing what we pleasure. This way to live and to be wise is referred to as the greatest happiness principle, or utilitarianism as laid out by philosopher John Stuart Mill in his book Utilitarianism, quoting John Stuart Mill s: â€Å"holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong in proportion as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.† (Mill, 1861). Furthermore, when pursuing pleasure for yourself, it is important to seek higher plea sures, and stray away

Department Stores Essay example - 1110 Words

Case one Macy’s Department Store Repositioning Jingjing Li BUS 2275 Business Strategy and Simulation–Section 050 Instructor: Anish Bania Due Date: Jan 16, 2013 Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Statement of the problem/opportunity/and objectives 2 Analysis of the situation 2 External and internal 2 Porter’s five –forces model 3 1. The threat of new entrants. 3 2. The bargaining power of buyers. 3 3. The bargaining power of suppliers. 4 4. The threat of substitute products and services. 4 5. The intensity of the rivalry among competitors in an industry 4 Unique and a sustainable competitive advantage 4 Identification and evaluation of alternatives 5 Macy’s Future 5 Executive Summary As the†¦show more content†¦entered a recession. The sales of Macy’s are decreased. Also, in 2011, the price of gasoline and cotton were increased. This increased the cost of Macy’s. So the profit and market share of Macy’s reduced. As the department stores industry was attracting fewer and fewer consumers, Macy’s entered into the declining industry life cycle model. The recession and the declining industry life cycle model are both negatively affect the success of Macy’s. Although the external factors are not good, the internal factors are very good for Macy’s. One such factor was Macy’s has the national recognition. Another positive factor is Macy’s is really strong. It has 810 stores across the United States. Thirdly, Macy’s has the experience management. Macys was founded between 1843 and 1855 in downtown Haverhill, Massachusetts. Department stores created for â€Å"one-stop shopping†, Moreover, they had specific experience in converting regional brands to the Macy’s brand. A fourth factor contributing to the successful consolidation was that Macy’s made their stores on prime locations. These internal factors are positive for the success of Macy’s. Porter’s five –forces model Porter’s five –forces model describes the competitive environment in terms of five basic competitive forces: 1. The threat of new entrants. Macy’s had more competitors because more and more self-made fashion lines join to the market to get the market shares, such as Hamp;M, Forever 21. Self-madeShow MoreRelatedDepartment Stores Essay849 Words   |  4 PagesObjective: Nundies a unique brand of stockings introduced to the market fall 2006. The item to be sold at women’s boutique and specialty shops as well as 10 Neiman Marcus department stores throughout 40 states. Management problem did not seem to be the distribution of the new item in which they shipped out 11, 383 units of Nundies to stores through December 2007 and sold 2007 units online. A unit of Nundies consisted of a package of 5 liners. 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Bloomingdale’s, being more upscale, targets consumers that are more concerned with trendRead MoreProposal on Department Store Management2121 Words   |  9 PagesTRIBHUWAN UNIVERSITY ADVANCED COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT KUPONDOLE, LALITPUR A PROJECT PROPOSAL ON DEPARTMENT STORE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (DSMIS) SUBMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING SUBMITTED BY: ABHAY RAJ SHAKYA (502;abhay_rshakya@hotmail.com) ABHINAYA SHRESTHA (503;toerage@facebook.com) HEMANTA SAGAR LAMA (513;hsl_2006@hotmail.com) NISHANT MAN PATI BAJRACHARYA (520;bajra_nish@live.com) JULY 9, 2011 Acknowledgement We are thankful to all thoseRead MoreDepartment Stores1971 Words   |  8 PagesDepartment Stores are Struggling! Ashley Pearson FYS: History of Providence Professor Hughes December 17, 2012 In 2012 department stores in Providence are struggling. When one takes a drive through Providence the main retail stores are in the Providence Place Mall. 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What people do notRead MoreIndustry Analysis Department Store Essay4959 Words   |  20 PagesDepartment Store Industry NACIS 452111 Table of Contents Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 The Industry’s Dominant Economic Features†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Porters 5 Forces†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 Power of Buyers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Power of Suppliers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 Barriers to Entry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 Threat of Substitutes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 Competitive Rivalry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Pablo Neruda Free Essays

Pablo Neruda was a communist poet. The Chilean won the Nobel Prize in Literature 1971. He wrote The Captain’s Verses in 1952 while he was in exile with his secret lover Matilde Urrutia on the island of Capri. We will write a custom essay sample on Pablo Neruda or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Captain’s Verses was a collection of his Love Poems that expresses Pablo’s different emotions to his love and the beautiful nature. From the book, we can see how Plabo treasured the time living with Matlide in the adorable exotic place. We can feel his passion, his pain, and his rage. His love poems were permeated with dense patriotism and his homesickness for Chile. Matilde was a singer. Her life was changed after she fell in love with Pablo, the most important person in her life. It would never be easy to stay with a communist. With her faith of love, she had gone through a lot of danger with Pablo and she was also Pablo’s good helper. They had countless sweet and unforgettable moments. Pablo was dead in soon after the military coup of Chile in 1973. They were separated forever since then. The military government treated Maltide as an influential figure in the country because she was the widow of a communist. She had a choice to leave this Chile but she decided to keep on going Pablo’s path and stay in Pablo’s home. Finally, she was able to publish Pablo’s work and write her own memoir. In her memoir, she told her legendary love with Pablo and the struggles she had faced. We can see their love on both Pablo’s poem and Maltide’s memoir. We can see their own perspective in their work. The memoir is a compliment to the poem that everything written by Pablo did happen to Maltide. She gave response and opinion to these experiences. In this essay, I’m going to analyze â€Å"The Soldier’s Love† in The Captain’s Verses from Plabo’s perspective and the view of Maltide’s memoir My Life with PABLO NERUDA. The Soldier’s Love â€Å"was written to Maltide. It is in free verse and there are ten stanzas. The tone of this poem is passionate and it sounds like Pablo is talking to Maltide directly. He used a lot of â€Å"You† to raise the momentum. â€Å"You’ll wear out your shoes/ but you’ll grow on the march/ You have to walk on thorns† (17-19) It sounds powerful and it makes Maltide become confident and dedicated. There are some words that are stressed at the end of the sentence such as â€Å" fire†, â€Å"death†, â€Å"march†, â€Å"blood†, they all stand out in the poem because they accentuate the danger of their future. The poem is well organized: From the second stanza to the fifth stanza, they are all three sentences long. From the sixth to eighth stanza, they are two sentences long. This splits the poem into two parts. The three sentences structure is talking about Maltide’s life before she met Pablo while the two sentences structure is talking about the life she is going to spend with him. The first stanza â€Å"in the midst of war life led you to be the soldier’s love† (1-2) is the introduction. Then the last stanza ends the poem with two equal sentences â€Å" Kiss me again, beloved/ Clean that gun, comrade (21-22) The whole structure of this poem looks very clear. The final stanza is strong to encourage Maltide with their faith of love and the word â€Å"beloved† and â€Å"comrade† shows Pablo’s tremendous passion. Pablo wanted to use this poem to let Maltide understand that her life had come to a turning point and also encourage her to be ready for the challenges coming up in their life. The introduction of the poem indicates that she no longer could enjoy a normal life. In the midst of war life led you to be the soldier’s love† (1-2) Pablo was the soldier fighting for the communist party. Everything would be different when she became a communist’s love. Pablo seemed disapproval of her past because he used â€Å"vagabond† to address her in the poem. He thought Maltide was political ignorant. â€Å"You didn’t know where you were going/ you were the dancing partner/ you had no Party, no country†(9-11) What she had done before was not meaningful at all. She didn’t belong to anyone and anywhere. It was time to abandon her past and fight with him from now on. Now you can’t dance any more/ with your silk dress in the ballroom/ You’ll wear out your shoes/ but you’ll grow on the march† (15-18) Although she couldn’t have the comfortable life like before and she would be suffering a lot, she would learn a different dimension of life joining the fight for the fellow people. The fight of the communist is a long march that it will be full of sufferings. â€Å" You’ll have to walk on thorns/ leaving little drops of blood† (19-20) Maltide should be prepared for any hurt or even death on the way. At last, Pablo encouraged Maltide to be dedicated to their love. Kiss me again, beloved† (21) He urged her to put the focus on their love, then they would not scare any situation coming up. Their faith of love is the best thing to console Maltide and keep her marching. Plabo thought Maltide was ready to fight with him. â€Å"Clean that gun, comrade† (22) She was not only his lover but also his â€Å"comrade†. Maltide was his counterpart who would share any problem with him and fight till the end. In Maltide’s memoir My Life With Pablo Neruda, she retold her terrible experiences that she had never encounter in her life. She had spent an agonizing night on the boat and almost swallowed by the sea. In the hotel, she was treated as a criminal in the hotel. Then she left for Naples with fourteen suitcases. She had been followed by the undercover police from city to city during her journey. Maltide was very angry to these experiences at first. Then Pablo told her about his own experience. She realized everything just happened to her had already occurred on him many times. She got to know why Plabo became a communist. â€Å"He explained how, after his terrible experiences in that civil war, he returned to Chile and kept on fighting, writing about what he had witnessed in Spain. He was already considered the biggest communist of all and figured that â€Å"if protesting and denouncing injustice means being a communist, well alright then,† and he joined the party. He was always a communist, because the suffering of others hut him too much. While he was alive, he put his pen and his life in the service of the people. † (115) After the Maltide learned the reason why Plabo being a communist. She appreciated what he was doing. She admired his passion of helping all the people. Now she could accept being a communist and understand its fight. These experiences deepened Plabo and Maltide’s love because they could know each other even more. However, Pablo’s heart was painful for dragging Maltide into his own sufferings. â€Å" Pablo laughed until he cried as I told him about the Italian police, especially since Pablo had considered me the most politically ignorant woman he ever knew. But I was his love, and from that moment forward, I would take on all that he did and face all the difficulties in his life with him. † (155) Maltide was happy to see Pablo blaming himself for not being able to protect her. They both consider each other very much. Therefore, Maltide made up her mind to dedicate herself to follow Pablo’s path and fight with him together. She didn’t care how dangerous it would be as she was so strong in her love. The poem addressed the changes of Maltide’s life and Pablo encouraged her to take the challenges with their faith of love. In the memoir, Maltide’s talked about her experiences and her own feeling. She started to learn about the adversities of being a soldier’s love. She would stay with Plabo all they way and fight with him. She would use action to respond his poem. How to cite Pablo Neruda, Papers

Pablo Neruda Free Essays

Pablo Neruda was a communist poet. The Chilean won the Nobel Prize in Literature 1971. He wrote The Captain’s Verses in 1952 while he was in exile with his secret lover Matilde Urrutia on the island of Capri. We will write a custom essay sample on Pablo Neruda or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Captain’s Verses was a collection of his Love Poems that expresses Pablo’s different emotions to his love and the beautiful nature. From the book, we can see how Plabo treasured the time living with Matlide in the adorable exotic place. We can feel his passion, his pain, and his rage. His love poems were permeated with dense patriotism and his homesickness for Chile. Matilde was a singer. Her life was changed after she fell in love with Pablo, the most important person in her life. It would never be easy to stay with a communist. With her faith of love, she had gone through a lot of danger with Pablo and she was also Pablo’s good helper. They had countless sweet and unforgettable moments. Pablo was dead in soon after the military coup of Chile in 1973. They were separated forever since then. The military government treated Maltide as an influential figure in the country because she was the widow of a communist. She had a choice to leave this Chile but she decided to keep on going Pablo’s path and stay in Pablo’s home. Finally, she was able to publish Pablo’s work and write her own memoir. In her memoir, she told her legendary love with Pablo and the struggles she had faced. We can see their love on both Pablo’s poem and Maltide’s memoir. We can see their own perspective in their work. The memoir is a compliment to the poem that everything written by Pablo did happen to Maltide. She gave response and opinion to these experiences. In this essay, I’m going to analyze â€Å"The Soldier’s Love† in The Captain’s Verses from Plabo’s perspective and the view of Maltide’s memoir My Life with PABLO NERUDA. The Soldier’s Love â€Å"was written to Maltide. It is in free verse and there are ten stanzas. The tone of this poem is passionate and it sounds like Pablo is talking to Maltide directly. He used a lot of â€Å"You† to raise the momentum. â€Å"You’ll wear out your shoes/ but you’ll grow on the march/ You have to walk on thorns† (17-19) It sounds powerful and it makes Maltide become confident and dedicated. There are some words that are stressed at the end of the sentence such as â€Å" fire†, â€Å"death†, â€Å"march†, â€Å"blood†, they all stand out in the poem because they accentuate the danger of their future. The poem is well organized: From the second stanza to the fifth stanza, they are all three sentences long. From the sixth to eighth stanza, they are two sentences long. This splits the poem into two parts. The three sentences structure is talking about Maltide’s life before she met Pablo while the two sentences structure is talking about the life she is going to spend with him. The first stanza â€Å"in the midst of war life led you to be the soldier’s love† (1-2) is the introduction. Then the last stanza ends the poem with two equal sentences â€Å" Kiss me again, beloved/ Clean that gun, comrade (21-22) The whole structure of this poem looks very clear. The final stanza is strong to encourage Maltide with their faith of love and the word â€Å"beloved† and â€Å"comrade† shows Pablo’s tremendous passion. Pablo wanted to use this poem to let Maltide understand that her life had come to a turning point and also encourage her to be ready for the challenges coming up in their life. The introduction of the poem indicates that she no longer could enjoy a normal life. In the midst of war life led you to be the soldier’s love† (1-2) Pablo was the soldier fighting for the communist party. Everything would be different when she became a communist’s love. Pablo seemed disapproval of her past because he used â€Å"vagabond† to address her in the poem. He thought Maltide was political ignorant. â€Å"You didn’t know where you were going/ you were the dancing partner/ you had no Party, no country†(9-11) What she had done before was not meaningful at all. She didn’t belong to anyone and anywhere. It was time to abandon her past and fight with him from now on. Now you can’t dance any more/ with your silk dress in the ballroom/ You’ll wear out your shoes/ but you’ll grow on the march† (15-18) Although she couldn’t have the comfortable life like before and she would be suffering a lot, she would learn a different dimension of life joining the fight for the fellow people. The fight of the communist is a long march that it will be full of sufferings. â€Å" You’ll have to walk on thorns/ leaving little drops of blood† (19-20) Maltide should be prepared for any hurt or even death on the way. At last, Pablo encouraged Maltide to be dedicated to their love. Kiss me again, beloved† (21) He urged her to put the focus on their love, then they would not scare any situation coming up. Their faith of love is the best thing to console Maltide and keep her marching. Plabo thought Maltide was ready to fight with him. â€Å"Clean that gun, comrade† (22) She was not only his lover but also his â€Å"comrade†. Maltide was his counterpart who would share any problem with him and fight till the end. In Maltide’s memoir My Life With Pablo Neruda, she retold her terrible experiences that she had never encounter in her life. She had spent an agonizing night on the boat and almost swallowed by the sea. In the hotel, she was treated as a criminal in the hotel. Then she left for Naples with fourteen suitcases. She had been followed by the undercover police from city to city during her journey. Maltide was very angry to these experiences at first. Then Pablo told her about his own experience. She realized everything just happened to her had already occurred on him many times. She got to know why Plabo became a communist. â€Å"He explained how, after his terrible experiences in that civil war, he returned to Chile and kept on fighting, writing about what he had witnessed in Spain. He was already considered the biggest communist of all and figured that â€Å"if protesting and denouncing injustice means being a communist, well alright then,† and he joined the party. He was always a communist, because the suffering of others hut him too much. While he was alive, he put his pen and his life in the service of the people. † (115) After the Maltide learned the reason why Plabo being a communist. She appreciated what he was doing. She admired his passion of helping all the people. Now she could accept being a communist and understand its fight. These experiences deepened Plabo and Maltide’s love because they could know each other even more. However, Pablo’s heart was painful for dragging Maltide into his own sufferings. â€Å" Pablo laughed until he cried as I told him about the Italian police, especially since Pablo had considered me the most politically ignorant woman he ever knew. But I was his love, and from that moment forward, I would take on all that he did and face all the difficulties in his life with him. † (155) Maltide was happy to see Pablo blaming himself for not being able to protect her. They both consider each other very much. Therefore, Maltide made up her mind to dedicate herself to follow Pablo’s path and fight with him together. She didn’t care how dangerous it would be as she was so strong in her love. The poem addressed the changes of Maltide’s life and Pablo encouraged her to take the challenges with their faith of love. In the memoir, Maltide’s talked about her experiences and her own feeling. She started to learn about the adversities of being a soldier’s love. She would stay with Plabo all they way and fight with him. She would use action to respond his poem. How to cite Pablo Neruda, Papers

Business Law for Caparo Industries pIc v Dickman- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Law for Caparo Industries pIc v Dickman. Answer: Introduction Tame v New South Wales (2002) 211 CLR 317 is amongst the leading cases of Australia when it comes to the obligation which one person owes to another based on negligence and the resultant contravention which lead to psychiatric injuries. This case saw the plaintiff making a claim of negligence against the law enforcement officer, in addition to the defamation as a result of the clerical mistake which the police undertook while the accident report was being filed. Upon the appeal being made against the police by the plaintiff based on the undertaken negligence of police in resulting in her psychiatric condition, the High Court rejected the appeal of the plaintiff. In this report, the police had wrongfully stated that blood alcohol level of Tame as .14 but this was actually the alcohol level of the other driver. And it was claimed by Tame that due to this, she felt that no one respected her and this is the reason why she developed the psychiatric state (Sappideen, 2009). Through the dis cussion being carried here, the case has been detailed where the issues and arguments presented by both the parties have been stated and the decision of the court has been critically analysed. Factual Background Tame in this case was involved in a collision of motor vehicles which took place on 11 Jan 1991 at Richmond, in Sydney. The accident occurred due to the fault of the other driver, Terence Lavender. After the accident, the law enforcement officers checked his blood alcohol level and it stood at .14, whereas the blood alcohol of Tame was 0 when the reading was taken (Federation Press, 2017). Constable Morgan was responsible for preparing the traffic collision report and he was a part of the Windsor Police Station. While preparing this report at the incident spot, he left the blood alcohol reading details of both Tame and the other driver as blank. In Feb 1991, the then acting traffic sergeant filled these blank segments and while filing, accidently switched the blood alcohol of both the drivers, where the other driver was stated to have 0 alcohol level and Tame to have .14 as the blood alcohol level. In around Mar 1991, the mistake was detected by the acting sergeant and he made corrections to the original report at this time (Health Law Central, 2017). Lavender was sued by Tame since he was driving a vehicle which was not insured as was required by the law and this claim was handled by NZI, which was the insurance company. Upon the settlement of the claim, Tame was awarded a significant value. However, come May 1992, the insurance company became hesitant when it came to payment of the physiotherapy treatment which was needed by Tame as a result of her injuries and this made Tame very anxious. The attorney of Tame, Wellers, was informed by Tame that she had no history of drinking and that she had no current drinking issues since the last 20 years. The attorney was also informed that the notion of being drunk was so wrong that she was horrified of it. This reaction of Tame was highlighted upon Weller informing her that the report showed that Tame had been drunk when the accident took place. And Tame was very apprehensive about her reputation which would be damaged as a result of the grave error. The police issued a formal apology to Tame for their mistake; and still Tame continued to blame the law enforcement for the NZI being reluctant in their payments for her treatment. After some time, Tame became obsessed with this issue and was clinically diagnosed with the psychotic depressive illness. As a result of this, a claim was initiated by Tame in the NSW District Court against the police (Federation Press, 2017). Issues and Arguments of the Parties Tame in this case, blamed her psychiatric injury as being resulted from the negligence of the police law enforcement officer where they failed in properly stating down her blood alcohol level in the accident report. This in turn, as per the plaintiff, led to the apprehensions on part of NZI in making the payment for her treatment. And it also resulted in her reputation being tarnished as she had been sober since last 20 years. She claimed that the police officer owed her a duty of care to properly state the right facts in the report and by not doing so, the duty of care owed towards her was breached as this breach of duty resulted in her psychiatric injury. The defendant highlighted that they had already issued a formal apology to Tame. They also stated that the claim of defamation being cited by the plaintiff was out-rightly wrong. This was due to the fact that for a claim of defamation to be upheld, it has to be shown that the careless misstatement of the defendant was relied upon by a third party. Here, it was very clear that no one had made reliance over this careless misstatement of the police officer. This can be proved from the fact that plaintiff had no evidence for this to have occurred. And also from the fact that the insurance company had considered the changed report which had been made by the police after the careless misstatement was noticed and corrected upon. So, even the insurance company had not made reliance on the police officers careless misstatement (HCA, 2017). The plaintiff also made an argument that the police officer had been negligent in the report which had been prepared by them and this was the reason why she developed a psychiatric condition. In this regard, the defendant highlighted that for making a successful case of negligence, one has to establish certain elements (Harvey and Marston, 2009). These include foreseeability, duty, its breach, resulting harm, direct causation and remoteness of losses (Gibson and Fraser, 2014). In this regard, the defendant cited Caparo Industries plc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605 for establishing that a duty of care was never owed by the defendant to Tame (E-Law Resources, 2017). This test requires proximity between parties, justness of penalties, along with the risk of harm to be reasonably foreseeable, for showing that a duty had been owed (Lunney and Oliphant, 2013). The defendant highlighted that this case did had proximity between the parties. Also, there was a clear lack of reasonable foreseeability in this matter. This was because no one could have predicted that if an accident report had been filled wrongly, the consequence of it would be a psychiatric injury and to state this as being reasonably foreseeable would be completely wrong. Hence, in case penalties are imposed over the defendant for these reasons, these would not be deemed as just or as being reasonable. So the threefold test given under Caparo could not be satisfied by the plaintiff, which means that no duty of care was owed by the defendant towards her (Australasian Legal Information Institute, 2017). The defendant also relied upon the famous English case when it came to the question of owed duty of care and foreseeability of losses and this was the case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100. In this case, the manufacturer was made liable towards the plaintiff for the breach of duty of care as a result of dead snail found in the manufactured ginger beer bottle (Latimer, 2012). However, the defendant stated that in the quoted case, the contaminated bottle was bound to injure the plaintiff, but here, the police officer could not have foreseen that wrongly stating the blood alcohol level would give someone a psychiatric injury (HCA, 2017). Reference also had to be made to Jaensch v Coffey [1984] HCA 52, where the requirement was to establish a relationship for duty to be present (Swarb, 2015). Even though there was a relationship, but it was not which resulted in the police officer being liable for psychiatric injury of the plaintiff. Another key point of this case was regarding the duty of care which was cited by Tame as being a general public member. In this regard, the defendant presented that it was very true that the police officers owe a duty of care towards the citizens; however, the duty which they owed towards Tame was to safeguard her from a possible criminal activity and this duty of care was not meant to protect Tame from a psychiatric injury since this was not their duty and also because the same was not related to the undertaken error (North, 2017). Yes, there had been an error as was accepted by the defendant but it was not related to the psychiatric injury of Tame since there was a sheer lack of correlation between the undertaken error and Tames psychiatric condition. Even though the injury was of substantial nature and damages would have been awarded, but that would have been the case only when the duty of care and foreseeability had been present, which was not the case (HCA, 2017). Court Judgment The appeal made by Tame in this case had been rejected by the High Court because they agreed with the points raised by the defendant where they could not predicted in a reasonable manner that by a wrong filing of form, a person could become mentally ill and this foreseeability was not only for the police, but for any prudent person (Vines, Roque and Rumber, 2010). In the view of the judges, the case of Donoghue v Stevenson helped in this regard, particularly when it came to the presence of duty of care and the reasonable foreseeability of the injury. The police officers, as per the High Court, did not have such an obligation of care which required them to prevent Tame from distress as a result of the wrongly filled report. The reason for this was given by the High Court as the case where the police officers if are made to check the emotional distress being caused to another person as a result of filing of report, then they would not be able to file an honest report as reports can off end even a rule breaker. Hence, the police could not be made liable for foreseeing the mental health of Tame when they were filing the alcohol report (HCA, 2017). The court also stated that the damages were to be awarded only in such cases where there had been a recognized psychiatric injury and one cannot be given these when there has been a distress caused to such person (Handford, 2017). For the Tames case, there was a lack of special relationship which could have made the law enforcement officer liable based on the case of Donoghue v Stevenson. The duty of care which is subjected to investigation would conflict with the duty of a police officer being in their position. And so, the police officers had to keep the duty as being a police officer before anything else (HCA, 2017). McHugh J viewed the obligation of care as something which would be owed only in cases of a nervous shock or psychiatric injury being foreseeable to a normal fortitude of an individual (Richardson, 2017). The injury, to be reasonably foreseeable, had to conform to the neighbour principle and reasonableness had to be given supremacy. This led to the court concluding that a duty of care was not owed by the police officers towards tame due to conflicting duties and the lack of foreseeability being reasonable. And so, a psychiatric injury could not be made successful (Webstroke Law, 2017). Critical Analysis The decision given in this case had been correct as the police officers could not be made liable for something which could not reasonably be foreseen. Also, the case made by defendant was very strong as they highlighted different cases to prove their point. The defendant had already apologized for wrongly filing a report and blaming them for a mistake, which has been corrected and which has shown to not have impacted the insurance companys payments. Hence, the court had rightly ruled in the favour of the defendant in this case. References Australasian Legal Information Institute. (2017) Tame v New South Wales [2002] HCA 35; 211 CLR 317; 191 ALR 449; 76 ALJR 1348 (5 September 2002). [Online] Australasian Legal Information Institute. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/2002/35.html [Accessed on: 03/10/17] E-Law Resources. (2017) Caparo Industries pIc v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605 House of Lords. [Online] E-Law Resources. Available from: https://www.healthlawcentral.com/cases/tame-v-new-south-wales/ [Accessed on: 03/10/17] Federation Press. (2017) Tame v New South Wales Annetts v Australian Stations Pty Ltd. [Online] Federation Press. Available from: https://www.federationpress.com.au/pdf/Tame%20v%20New%20South%20Wales.pdf [Accessed on: 03/10/17] Gibson, A., and Fraser, D. (2014) Business Law 2014. 8th ed. Melbourne: Pearson Education Australia. Handford, P. (2017) Psychiatric injury: the new era. [Online] The University of Western Australia. Available from: https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/files/1003225/3609_PID3609.pdf [Accessed on: 03/10/17] Harvey, B., and Marston, J. (2009) Cases and Commentary on Tort. 6th ed. New York: Oxford University Press. HCA. (2017) Tame v New South Wales [2002] HCA 35. [Online] HCA. Available from: https://eresources.hcourt.gov.au/downloadPdf/2002/HCA/35 [Accessed on: 03/10/17] Health Law Central. (2017) Tame v New South Wales; Annetts v Australian Stations Pty Limited [2002] HCA 35. [Online] Health Law Central. Available from: https://www.healthlawcentral.com/cases/tame-v-new-south-wales/ [Accessed on: 03/10/17] Latimer, P. (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. 31st ed. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Lunney, M., and Oliphant, K. (2013) Tort Law: Text and Materials. 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. North, D.O.J. (2017) Personal Injury Claims Psychiatric Injury. [Online] Bar Web. Available from: https://portal.barweb.com.au/upload/fck/north%20sc%20-%20pi%20claims.pdf [Accessed on: 03/10/17] Richardson, B. (2017) Nervous shock in the High Court. [Online] Find Law. Available from: https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/1364/nervous-shock-in-the-high-court.aspx [Accessed on: 03/10/17] Sappideen, C., at al. (2009) Torts, Commentary and Materials. 10th ed. Pyrmont: Lawbook Co, pp. 209-10. Swarb. (2015) Jaensch v Coffey; 20 Aug 1984. [Online] Swarb. Available from: https://swarb.co.uk/jaensch-v-coffey-20-aug-1984/ [Accessed on: 03/10/17] Vines, P., Roque, M.S., and Rumber, E. (2010) Is nervous shock still a feminist issue? The duty of care and psychiatric injury in Australia. [Online] Bar Web. Available from: https://sites.thomsonreuters.com.au/journals/files/2010/10/j19_v018_TORTLREV_pt01_vines_sanroque_rumble.pdf [Accessed on: 03/10/17] Webstroke Law. (2017) Tame v New South Wales [2003]. [Online] Webstroke Law. Available from: https://webstroke.co.uk/law/cases/tame-v-new-south-wales-2003 [Accessed on: 03/10/17]

Why The North Won The Civil War Essays - American Civil War

Why The North Won The Civil War You Are Bound to Fail. Union officer William Tecumseh Sherman to a Southern friend: In all history, no nation of mere agriculturists ever made successful war against a nation of mechanics. . . .You are bound to fail (Catton, Glory Road 241) The American antebellum South, though steeped in pride and raised in military tradition, was to be no match for the burgeoning superiority of the rapidly developing North in the coming Civil War. The lack of emphasis on manufacturing and commercial interest, stemming from the Southern desire to preserve their traditional agrarian society, surrendered to the North their ability to function independently, much less to wage war. It was neither Northern troops nor generals that won the Civil War, rather Northern guns and industry. From the onset of war, the Union had obvious advantages. Quite simply, the North had large amounts of just about everything that the South did not, boasting

Shakespeares Richard III essays

Shakespeares Richard III essays Richard III is considered one of Shakespeares most evil characters, one endowed with sharp wit and lacking in morals, who governs through fear and force. Richard III deals extensively with the themes of political corruption and dissimulation. Richard's reign is portrayed as a period in which nothing is sacred; neither on a political or social level, nor on a personal one. Richard will stop at nothing, not even at betraying his friends and murdering his kin, in order to become king. Although his traits of character are clearly illustrated through his deeds and words, Shakespeare provides the reader with an important contrast to the character of the king, namely the women of the play. These women are: the Duchess of York, Richard's mother; Anne who later becomes Richard's wife; Queen Margaret who was the former queen and Richard's arch enemy, and Queen Elizabeth, the current queen. Also, Queen Elizabeths daughter, Elizabeth, is present in the plot but the reader is never introduced to her. Richard appears one-dimensionally evil, a flat character, the embodiment of evil and moral decay. His evil ambitions are expressed at the outset of the play; his purpose is to deepen the chaos in the kingdom and ultimately become king. He is portrayed through the eyes of the characters, especially the women in the play. Anne, Elizabeth, the Duchess of York and Margaret are voices of protest and morality who condemn the actions of the king, and are able to see through his intrigues, and at times, even to foresee the consequences of his acts. In fact, the four women are used as voices of the Elizabethan age in the sense that they provide an extraordinary example of the world view belonging to that particular era in the history of England. Not only do these women point out moral truths, but they also ask for divine retribution and point to a higher moral authority which transcends the realm of human action. These women illustrate how moral ...

Analyse article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Analyse article - Essay Example Schaper further argues that in a competitive market environment effective and efficient firms survive while the inefficient businesses collapse. Considering the remarks by the president of Toyota Company, the business may have faced serious competition from other vehicle manufacturers in Australia such as Elfin Sports Cars Pty Ltd, Ford Performance Vehicles, and GM Holden Ltd as well as competition in the export markets of other countries that offer favorable vehicle manufacturing conditions. Another factor that contributed to the decision by Toyota Company is high cost of production attributed to the high labor costs (BBC News Business 10 February 2014). Under normal circumstances, the cost of production in an organization is usually lower giving enough room for profit realization when products are sold. However, the Toyota Company based in Australia experienced reduction in profits and eventually loses in the production of vehicles due to the increased production cost. The company tried to solve the problem of increased labor costs through proposed changes in employee contracts that would have resulted in removal of additional allowances and changes in overtime (BBC News Business 10 February 2014) but the implementation was blocked in a Federal Court. The other critical factor that contributed to the decision by Toyota Company is lack of government support. According to Ch et al., government policies have both positive and negative impacts on businesses operating in the country in question (2011, p.941). In the case of Toyota Company, the impacts of policy changes by Australian government left the company with negative business effects. To begin with, a national commission recommended to the government that subsidies that were initially given to the car manufacturing industry should be stopped and that the companies should device ways of cutting down the production cost (BBC News Business 10 February 2014). Secondly, the proposed changes on employee

The purpose of higher education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The purpose of higher education - Essay Example So in order to secure a good position in a company, higher education is often a requisite. In relation to landing a dream job, higher education is also viewed as a magnet for good money. In an interview conducted, one student asserted that those with higher education are more likely to possess higher income potential. With more earnings, one is able to provide for his needs and even afford luxuries like expensive vacations, beautiful home or nice cars. In the interviewee's case, with more money pouring in he would be able to provide for his children's basic needs including better education. In addition, he would be able to financially aid his parents if need be. As a believer of education, I totally agree with the arguments given above. Pursuing higher education may be instrumental in being accepted to a prestigious firm. Although one may lack job related experience, a degree would certainly have a signaling effect to employers. A higher education would communicate to them that an applicant has learned vital skills needed to perform a particular job effectively. With this, everything else follows - higher salary, better life, brighter future. However, it is apparent that the said arguments revolve around the financial benefits derived from higher education.

Overview Of The Presenting Condition Nursing Essay

Overview Of The Presenting Condition Nursing Essay This case study is intended to explain pulmonary oedema through Mr. Toscanas case. It will discuss the pathophysiology of pulmonary oedema and how Mr. Toscanas chronic renal impairment is related to this specific condition. Also, Mr. Toscanas ECG, aerial blood gas results and blood tests result will be analysed and explained. Moreover, a nursing plan based on Mr. Toscanas condition will be made. Overview of the Presenting Condition Pulmonary oedema is a serious condition of the pulmonary system. In simple terms, it is actually excess fluid in the lungs (skinner Mckinner 2011). To be more specific, it is fluid that moves out from capillaries into the extravascular spaces and causes additional pressure to the lungs (Craft, J 2011). Pulmonary oedema is affecting about 1% of people over the age of 65 (Johnson 2009). It is a worldwide condition and the mortality rate is about 40% within a year of diagnosis (Parissis et al. 2010). The accumulation of the fluid can be in a slow process for patients with chronic renal failure. It can also occur fast for patients who suffer from myocardial infarction (McPhee Hammer 2010). There are two types of pulmonary oedema, one is cardiogenic pulmonary, and the other in non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (Craft, J 2011). Pulmonary oedema is defined as alveolar or interstitial oedema, and such a condition can be identified by chest X-ray (Johnson 2009). And often patients oxygen satur ation is less than 90% on room air (Johnson 2009). Also severe respiratory distress, with crackles over the lungs and orthopnoea, is often associated with acute pulmonary oedema (Parissis et al. 2010). The most common cause of pulmonary oedema is untreated heart failure (Johnson 2009). The acute respiratory distress syndrome and capillary vessel injury are other common causes of pulmonary oedema (Craft, J et al. 2011). Its signs and symptoms often include dyspnoea, hypoxaemia and increased work of breathing (Skinner Mckinney 2011). In severe cases of pulmonary oedema, patients often bring up pink frothy sputum when coughing and their carbon dioxide level increases while oxygen level decreases (Craft, J et al. 2011). Pathophysiology that Underpins the Presenting Condition As mentioned before, pulmonary oedema is excess fluid in the extravascular space and according to McPhee Hammer (2010) the extravascular space is constituted by the interstitial space and the airspace (alveoli and airways). The excess fluid can be found in one or both spaces in patients with pulmonary oedema (McPhee Hammer 2010). Moreover, both spaces have different barriers to stop fluid from entering into them (McPhee Hammer 2010). The intersitital space is protected by the pulmonary capillary endothelium, i.e. inside layer of capillary and airspaces are protected by alveolar epithelium, namely surface of alveoli (McPhee Hammer 2010). It is normal for blood vessel to leak and about 0.01% of pulmonary blood flow will leak into interstitial space every hour (McPhee Hammer 2010). There are several factors that may influence the amount of fluid leaking into interstitial space and the most important one is net pressure (transmural pressure) (McPhee Hammer 2010). The transmural pressure maintains the balance between the net hydrostatic pressure that moves fluid out of the capillaries, and the colloid osmotic pressure that keeps fluid inside the capillaries (McPhee Hammer 2010). Any imbalance of these pressures can lead to pulmonary oedema. Pulmonary oedema can be divided into two types: the cardiogenic and the noncardiogenic. The former is caused by increased transural pressure (hydrostatic or osmotic) while the latter is caused by increased permeability (damaged alveoli and/ or airways) (Copstead Banasik 2010). Increased pulmonary venous pressure, increased alveolar surface tension, or decreased capillary colloid osmotic pressure can all lead to cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (Copstead Banasik 2010). Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema is normally caused by an acute respiratory distress syndrome, which often results from injury, infection or inhaled toxins (Copstead Banasik). In this case study, there is no evidence of injury of the lungs nor inhaled toxins, nor infection of any kind. Thus, Mr. Mario Toscanas condition is more likely to be cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Although the case study does not address any cardiac problem based on his age and/ or history of chronic renal impairment, Mr. Toscana is prone to cardiac d iseases. In patients with chronic renal diseases, there are damaged nephrons that cannot be regenerated (Craft, J et al. 2011). Due to slow losses of nephrons, the remaining nephrons have to take the burden and try to maintain the normal function of the kidneys (Craft, J et al. 2011). However, over time this compensation will increase the loss of nephrons and the kidney will lose its normal function (Craft, J et al. 2011). This loss of normal function can result in electrolyte imbalance, which leads to various conditions (Craft, J et al. 2011). Fluid over load, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, congestive heart failure and pulmonary oedema are all the common conditions of chronic renal diseases (Craft, J et al. 2011). Cardiovascular diseases often presents in patients with chronic renal diseases and they have a very high morbidity and mortality rate (McPhee Hammer 2010). Hypertension can be caused by excess sodium and fluid, and vascular calcification by decreased glomerular filtration rate (Craft, J et al. 2011). Moreover, vascular diseases can lead or contribute to coronary heart disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure and stroke. Heart failure is defined as a complex syndrome, which comprises of several cardiac dysfunctions and causes inadequate cardiac output (McPhee Hammer 2010). The common type of heart failure is the left heart failure, also known as congestive heart failure (Craft, J et al. 2011). Additionally, congestive heart failure can result in both systolic and diastolic heart failures, and any of the two can cause pulmonary oedema (Craft, J et al. 2011). In systolic heart failure, the contractility of the heart decreases because of the disease and it can result in the i ncrease of preload (Craft, J et al. 2011). Eventually, the combination will lead to decreased cardiac output and result in increased afterload (Craft, J et al. 2011). Due to the reduced cardiac output, renal perfusion diminishes and plasma volume increases (Craft, J et al. 2011). Patients with systolic heart failure often present with decreased urine output, oedema and pulmonary oedema (Craft, J et al. 2011). And patients with diastolic heart failure can maintain a normal stroke volume and cardiac output (Craft, J et al. 2011). However, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure is still increased by the decreased compliance of the left ventricular, and the abnormal diastolic relaxation (Craft, J et al. 2011). The pressure pushes fluid to go back to the lungs and causes pulmonary oedema (Craft, J et al. 2011). ECG Examination An ECG can provide information on the electrical movement in the heart and ECG graphs give information such as heart rate, rhythm and any abnormality that may involve the heart (Jevon 2010). With the method proved by Jevon (2009), Mr Toscanas heart rate can be calculated, which is 120 beats per minute. According to Jevon (2009) heart rate over 90 beats per minute is defined as tachycardia. Based on his other presenting conditions, Mr. Toscanas tachycardia is most likely caused by hypoxia. Hypoxia is resulted from hypoxemia, which is the decreased level of oxygen in the blood (Craft, J et al. 2011). In order to meet the oxygen demand, the heart is trying to pump harder and faster to bring up cardiac output (Craft, J et al. 2011). On the one hand, hypoxemia can cause dilation of arterioles, capillaries and venules, in order to increase the blood flow through them (Copstead Banasik 2010). Therefore, peripheral blood flow is increased as well as venous return (Copstead Banasik 2010). Ven ous return is a major factor that influences preload and the increased venous return means increased preload (Copstead Banasik 2010). Preload is one of the factors that determines stroke volume, and when preload increases, stroke volume increases as well (Copstead Banasik 2010). On the other hand, the cardiovascular system is controlled by medulla oblongata of the brainstem and the neurons communicate with the heart via autonomic nervous system (Craft, J et al. 2011). The Bainbridge reflex causes increased heart rate with increased venous return at the same time (Craft, J et al. 2011). Mr. Toscanas ECG shows elevated ST segment and tale T wave as well. They are both signs of hyperkalaemia (Humphreys 2007). This condition can also be confirmed by his potassium level. The normal range of potassium is 3.5-5mEq/L, and his potassium is 5.8mEq/L (Humphreys 2007). Interpretation of Pathology Tests Mr. Toscanas Arterial Blood Gas Result shows that pH is 7.34 and the normal range is 7.35-7.45, which means his pH is lower than normal range. Hasan (2009) states that pH lower than normal range represents acidosis. According to Cowley, Owen Bion (2013) that high level of blood carbon dioxide means respiratory acidosis, and low level of bicarbonate means metabolic acidosis. The Arterial Blood Gas Result of Mr. Toscana shows blood carbon dioxide and bicarbonate is 51mmHg and 18mmol/L respectively. The normal range of blood carbon dioxide is 35-45mmHg and that for bicarbonate is 22-28mmol/L. Thus, his blood carbon dioxide level is higher and bicarbonate level is lower, which explains that Mr. Toscana is suffering both respiratory and metabolic acidosis (Hasan 2009). Besides, Mr. Toscanas blood oxygen level is 70mmHg and the acceptability range is 75-100mmHg. According to Hasan (2009) low blood oxygen level indicates hypoxia. SaO2 (saturation of haemoglobin by oxygen) is the most common way to monitor oxygen level in the body. For a healthy person, SaO2 below 95% shows lack of oxygen in the body and can lead to hypoxia (Humphreys 2007). There are many causes of metabolic acidosis, such as hyperlactataemia, ketoacidosis and renal tubular acidosis (Halperin, Kamel Goldstein 2010). In this case, based on his history of chronic renal impairment, the cause of his metabolic acidosis is more likely the renal tubular one (Halperin, Kamel Goldstein 2010). One of the functions of the kidneys is to clear the bodys acid load (Halperin, Kamel Goldstein 2010). However, for patients with chronic renal impairment, their kidneys are already damaged and they are losing normal renal function (Craft, J et al. 2011). Therefore, kidneys cannot remove acid out of body in an adequate rate. When the acid builds up in the body, it will neutralise with bicarbonate and generate carbon dioxide (Halperin, Kamel Goldstein 2010). Normally carbon dioxide will be exhaled. However, in this case, because Mr. Toscana suffers from an acute pulmonary oedema, he cannot exhale carbon dioxide effectively (Craft, J et al. 2011). One of the symptoms of pulmonary oedema is hypoxemia, which is low level of blood oxygen in the body (Craft, J et al. 2011). This occurs as the excess fluid builds up in the extravascular spaces, and impairs normal gas exchange in the lungs (McPhee Hammer 2010). Moreover, pulmonary oedema can cause dyspnoea, which is a difficulty of breathing and eventually it can damage alveoli (Craft, J et al. 2011). Both dyspnoea and the damaged alveoli can worsen the inadequate gas exchange (Craft, J et al. 2011). Based on Craft, J et al. (2011) when inadequate gas exchange occurs, oxygen in the alveoli cannot get into vessels and the carbon dioxide cannot go in to alveoli to be exhaled. While carbon dioxide accumulates in the body, pH decreases and respiratory acidosis occurs (Halperin, Kamel Goldstein 2010). In this case, besides the inadequate gas exchange, the chronic renal impairment also contributes to the increase of carbon dioxide in the body. The blood test results show both high level of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Based on Thomas Thomas (2009) creatinine results from muscular metabolism and will be cleaned out of the body by the kidneys. Urea nitrogen is resulted from protein metabolism and it will also be cleaned out of body by the kidneys (Thomas Thomas 2009). The reason for the increase in both creatinine and urea nitrogen levels is because of the decreased glomerular filtration rate, which is an indication of chronic renal disease (Craft, J et al. 2011). Holistic Plan of Nursing Care The first nursing care for Mr. Toscana is in fact to provide a reassurance to him as he is distressed by the tightness of CPAP mask and his difficulty in breathing. There is a very high chance that he will remove the CPAP mask. If CPAP is removed, it will make it even harder for him to breathe (Ducros et al. 2010). Nurses can educate Mr. Toscana on the use of CPAP and explain to him that by using CPAP, he can breathe more easily (Nehyba 2006). Nurses can also get his family involved to give reassurance to Mr. Toscana. Then, because Mr. Toscanas oxygen saturation is lower and he is presenting respiratory acidosis, nurses need to keep his oxygen saturation up (Lemone Burke 2011). Due to his acute pulmonary oedema, CPAP is a more effective way to deliver oxygen and open up more air ways, which in return improves his gas exchange in the lungs and reduces work of breathing (Ducros, L et al. 2010). Nurses need to remind themselves of a few things while looking after patients breathe with CPAP. First, CPAP mask needs to be sealed properly and tightened to provide a positive pressure air (Ducros, L et al. 2010). Second, nurses need to monitor the patients closely for any change in oxygen saturation and respiratory rate (Ducros, L et al. 2010). Third, they should allow breaks in between sections of the treatment so that patients can cough, drink or eat (Nehyba 2006). Also, breaks can release the pressure caused by CPAP mask and decrease the risk of pressure ulcer. Finally, like any other medical procedure, CPAP also has its adverse effects. When a full mask is used, CPAP therapy can lead to gastric distension (Nehyba 2006). In addition, some air can go into stomach and cause discomfort, splinting of the diaphragm and reduce lung expansion. Therefore, nasogastric tube may be required at some stage (Nehyba 2006) Monitoring Mr. Toscanas fluid intake and urine output is also important, as he has a history of chronic renal impairment and presenting pulmonary oedema (Lemone Burke 2011). A fluid balance chart can be used. If there is a negative balance, doctors need to be notified accordingly (Lemone Burke 2011). Nurses need to educate Mr. Toscana on adequate fluid intake. His vital signs also need to be monitored, especially his oxygen saturation and respiratory rate (Lemone Burke 2011). He is presenting signs of hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis, which can lead to respiratory failure (Craft, J et al. 2011). Therefore, closely monitoring his oxygen saturation and respiratory rate can identify any trend towards respiratory failure so as to intervene earlier to prevent it from happening. Cardiac monitoring is also required for Mr. Toscana because of the following reasons. First, his ECG shows heart rate of 120 which means tachycardia. Second, the most likely cause of his acute pulmonary oedema is heart failure. Third, abnormal potassium level can cause cardiac arrest (Humphreys 2007). Moreover, nurses need to check for any new arterial blood gas results and blood test results to be aware of any changing situation of the patient. Finally, as Mr. Toscana has a history of chronic renal impairment and both his arterial blood gas results and blood tests result show trend of renal failure, acute dialysis may be needed for him (Daugirdas, Blake, Ing 2012). For patients with chronic renal disease, their renal functions are impaired and some toxic wastes cannot be removed from their bodies (Craft, J et al. 2011). Dialysis is the only effective way to help them to remove these toxic wastes (Daugirdas, Blake, Ing 2012). Nurses cannot order dialysis. However, they can discuss patients conditions and tests result with doctors to arrange dialysis if necessary. Summary Pulmonary oedema is a crucial condition that can lead to respiratory failure. This condition can be caused by heart failure and worsen by chronic renal diseases. Procedures such as ECG, arterial blood gas test and blood tests can help nurses to understand patients conditions can identify any trend of deterioration. A detailed, holistic nursing care plan can help nurses to provide better care for patients.

Dnp Practice Model

Week 6 The DNP Project Describe a needs or change related to a practice environment, include your rationale for why this situation warrants attention Explain how your participation in a specific professional organization could be beneficial as you attempt to affect positive change in your identified practice environment through your DNP project I believe a significant practice problem is that many nurses do not see the need to advance their education after obtaining an R. N.By continuing to have the triple level entry into practice we do not have the control of the practice development that other professional practices may have. The other professional practices have entry degree requirements that are reflective of the expectation that each requires. It is difficult to persuade a nurse to incur debt and expense to obtain a DNP when they believe as an RN, the benefits do not outweigh the work required. They don’t see how the investment of further education can change the future of nurses.Nurses may not want to give up the opportunity to work at the bedside and do not want the politics of management. The DNP offers the opportunity to maintain the clinical expertise and further education. The AACN recommendations that the entry as a NP by the DNP will assist with this, as many nurses do want to obtain the NP licensure and level of practice. Another attractive measure of the DNP is the ability of the clinical nurse to stay at the bedside of the patient.Many nurses are not attracted to administration or education and have resisted advanced practice unless its clinical in nature. I am particularly interested in nursing education and have experience as a clinical education instructor at the undergraduate level. The national organization that I would join must have a strong educational component and outreach to encourage nurses to obtain advanced education. McEwin, M. , & Wills, E. M. (2011). Theoretical basis for nursing. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Audience Analysis Essay

Communication is one of the most important skills that an individual can possess when presenting to a group of people. The audience should always be focal point of the presenter as communication is an important foundation and can often determine the success or failure of a message being received. When communication is done properly it can build respect and trust between groups and help identity the issues at hand. The presenter must have a good understanding of the audience’s culture in order to effectively communicate with the group. In this assignment I have been asked to present quarterly sales information in an in-person meeting to a group of stakeholders that includes managers, salespeople, and customers. I have been asked to answer a number of different questions before I present my information to the audience. The following questions will be answered in this paper. 1.What are audience characteristics you need to consider?2.What communication channels would be appropriate and why?3.What are some considerations that you must keep in mind given the diversity of the audience?4.What would you do to ensure that your message is effective?Before you can prepare a presentation you must consider the characteristics of your audience. I know that my audience consists of managers, salespeople, and customers of this particular organization. Because I have identified my audience I now have a better understanding of the audience’s knowledge of the subject. I also understand their interest in the subject; I understand that the different groups of individuals may only be interested in certain results of the quarterly sales information that is being presented. Managers and salespeople may have different subject knowledge than the customers. I will needs to address the different needs of all parties in attendance. I will have to customize certain parts of my presentation in order to address the specific needs of each group within the audience. I will also need to understand what the audience is expecting to learn from my presentation. I should be able to meet and exceed their expectations and the audience should walk away with their questions answered and explained as well as have a better understanding of the quarterly sales information that was presented to them. Because this is an in-person meeting certain communication channels are more appropriate than others. Power-point presentations would be an appropriate method of communication between the presenter and the audience. This is an effective method because it not only allows the presenter to discuss the statistics; but will also allow the present to show the audience the statistics in detail and all together as a group. Printed handouts or documents are another method of communication that would be considered appropriate in an in-person meeting. This method allows the audience to take part in reading the information provided and also gives them something to take with them from the meeting for future reference. Because the majority of the information is being presented orally, the presenter must consider their own body language and speech effectiveness to the audience. Body language and speech are both very important as the audience will be feeding off of the enthusiasm of the presenter. If the presenter gets the attention of their audience it is important to keep it in order to effectively communicate the information. Because there is diversity in the audience certain considerations must be kept in mind when presenting quarterly sales information. Each group will have different levels of interest in the information being presented. The customers will probably not have the same level of interest in certain aspects of the presentation as the managers and salespeople. Another consideration that the presenter must keep in mind is the information that is being communicated to the group. There is a certain amount of statistical data that the organization might not want all the members of the audience to know about. This information might be better presented in a manager’s only meeting. Other considerations that a presenter may want to keep in mind given the diversity of the audience is the average age, gender, culture background, education, economic status, and group memberships of the attending audience. These considerations individually may not have a big impact on the methods of communication chosen by the presenter, but together will allow the presenter to understand the diversity of the audience to which the information is being communicated. To ensure that the presentation is a success and the information is received effectively I would make sure that I have a concrete agenda and use it. I would also make sure that I interact with the audience, for example when presenting the sales data I might ask the audience if anyone has any suggestions to help increase the sales in a particular area. I would ask some open-ended questions to help encourage audience participation. I would also ask the audience to participate in constructive group discussions and would frequently check for group consensus on particular issues and decisions. At the end of the meeting I would survey the group through E-mail, fax, letter to ensure that the information that was presented was received and understood. I would also make myself available to answer any questions that may need clarification on an individual level. References Locker, K., & Kienzer, D. (2008). Business and Administrative Communication (8th edition). McGraw-Hill, 2008 New York, NY. Retrieved from the University of Phoenix web-site. Payne, B. (2008). Effective group Communication. Retrieved on April 24, 2009 from the world wide web at: http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/DPI/nreninf.nsf/childdocs/-C835B1CE4BC7F1D04A2568B30004FC37-4FEBC5DEBF535AC1CA256BC8000410EB-5D3323C8EDE7C7EB4A256DEA00294D0A-B59DCFB30DB614C3CA256BCF000AD4E0?openPearson, Allyn & Bacon (1995-2009). Demographic Characteristics of Your Audience. Retrieved on April 24, 2009 from the world wide web at: http://wps.ablongman.com/ab_public_speaking_2/24/6223/1593259.cw/index.html . Copyright  © 1995 – 2009, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Allyn & Bacon. McGee, J. Important Characteristics of your Audience. Writing and Designing Print Materials for Beneficiaries: A Guide for State Medicaid Agencies. Health Care Financing Administration, Baltimore, MD. HCFA Publication Number 10145. October 1999, page 66, and the Plain English Network Web site at http://www.plainlanguage.gov. Retrieved from the world wide web on April 26, 2009 at: http://www.talkingquality.gov/docs/section3/popups/characteristics_pop.htm